Best Practice & Research Clinical Rheumatology
Volume 17, Issue 1 , Pages 137-150 , February 2003

Pharmacotherapy for regional musculoskeletal pain

  • Tore K Kvien, md, phd (Professor Department of Rheumatology)

      Affiliations

    • Corresponding Author InformationCorresponding author. Tel.: +47-22451500; Fax: +47-22451778.

Received 1 September 2002 ,Accepted 1 October 2002.

References 

  1. Bellamy N, Kirwan J, Boers M, et al.  Recommendations for a core set of outcome measures for future phase III clinical trials in knee, hip, and hand osteoarthritis. Consensus development at OMERACT III. Journal of Rheumatology. 1997;24:799–802
  2. Bombardier C, Hayden J, Beaton DE. Minimal clinically important difference. Low back pain: outcome measures. Journal of Rheumatology. 2001;28:431–438
  3. Towheed TE, Hochberg MC. A systematic review of randomized controlled trials of pharmacological therapy in osteoarthritis of the knee, with an emphasis on trial methodology. Seminars in Arthritis and Rheumatism. 1997;26:755–770
  4. Towheed T, Shea B, Wells G, Hochberg M. Analgesia and non-aspirin, non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs for osteoarthritis of the hip. Cochrane Database Systematic Reviews. 2000;2:CD000517
  5. Watson MC, Brookes ST, Kirwan JR, Faulkner A. Non-aspirin, non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs for osteoarthritis of the knee. Cochrane Database Systematic Reviews. 2000;2:CD000142
  6. Green S, Buchbinder R, Glazier R, Forbes A. Interventions for shoulder pain. Cochrane Database Systematic Reviews. 2000;2:CD001156
  7. Green S, Buchbinder R, Barnsley L, et al.  Non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) for treating lateral elbow pain in adults. Cochrane Database Systematic Reviews. 2002;2:CD003686
  8. McLauchlan GJ, Handoll HH. Interventions for treating acute and chronic Achilles tendinitis. Cochrane Database Systematic Reviews. 2001;2:CD000232
  9. van Tulder MW, Scholten RJ, Koes BW, Deyo RA. Non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs for low back pain. Cochrane Database Systematic Reviews. 2000;2:CD000396
  10. Amadio P, Cummings DM. Evaluation of acetaminophen in the management of osteoarthritis of the knee. Current Therapeutic Research, Clinical and Experimental. 1983;34:59–65
  11. Eccles M, Freemantle N, Mason J. North of England evidence based guideline development project: summary guideline for non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs versus basic analgesia in treating the pain of degenerative arthritis. The North of England non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug guideline development group. British Medical Journal. 1998;317:526–530
  12. Pendleton A, Arden N, Dougados M, et al.  EULAR recommendations for the management of knee osteoarthritis: report of a task force of the standing committee for international clinical studies including therapeutic trials (ESCISIT). Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases. 2000;59:936–944
  13. American College of Rheumatology Subcommittee on Osteoarthritis Guidelines . Recommendations for the medical management of osteoarthritis of the hip and knee: 2000 update. Arthritis and Rheumatism. 2000;43:1905–1915
  14. Geba GP, Weaver AL, Polis AB, et al.  Efficacy of rofecoxib, celecoxib, and acetaminophen in osteoarthritis of the knee: a randomized trial. Journal of the American Medical Association. 2002;287:64–71
  15. Pincus T, Koch GG, Sokka T, et al.  A randomized, double-blind, crossover clinical trial of diclofenac plus misoprostol versus acetaminophen in patients with osteoarthritis of the hip or knee. Arthritis and Rheumatism. 2001;44:1587–1598
  16. Wolfe F, Zhao S, Lane N. Preference for nonsteroidal antiinflammatory drugs over acetaminophen by rheumatic disease patients: a survey of 1799 patients with osteoarthritis, rheumatoid arthritis, and fibromyalgia. Arthritis and Rheumatism. 2000;43:378–385
  17. Courtney P, Doherty M. Key questions concerning paracetamol and NSAIDs for osteoarthritis. Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases. 2002;61:767–773
  18. Chang DJ, Fricke JR, Bird SR, et al.  Rofecoxib versus codeine/acetaminophen in postoperative dental pain: a double-blind, randomized, placebo- and active comparator-controlled clinical trial. Clinical Therapeutics. 2001;23:1446–1455
  19. Kjaersgaard-Andersen P, Nafei A, Skov O, et al.  Codeine plus paracetamol versus paracetamol in longer-term treatment of chronic pain due to osteoarthritis of the hip. A randomised, double-blind, multi-centre study. Pain. 1990;43:309–318
  20. Li Wan PA, Zhang WY. Systematic overview of co-proxamol to assess analgesic effects of addition of dextropropoxyphene to paracetamol. British Medicine Journal. 1997;315:1565–1571
  21. Roth SH. Efficacy and safety of tramadol HCl in breakthrough musculoskeletal pain attributed to osteoarthritis. Journal of Rheumatology. 1998;25:1358–1363
  22. Turturro MA, Paris PM, Larkin GL. Tramadol versus hydrocodone-acetaminophen in acute musculoskeletal pain: a randomized, double-blind clinical trial. Annals of Emergency Medicine. 1998;32:139–143
  23. Sunshine A. New clinical experience with tramadol. Drugs. 1994;47(supplement 1):8–18
  24. Jensen EM, Ginsberg F. Tramadol versus dextropropoxyphene in the treatment of osteoarthritis. A short term double-blind study. Drug Investigation. 1994;8:211–218
  25. Silverfield JC, Kamin M, Wu SC, Rosenthal N. Tramadol/acetaminophen combination tablets for the treatment of osteoarthritis flare pain: a multicenter, outpatient, randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled, parallel-group, add-on study. Clinical Therapeutics. 2002;24:282–297
  26. Schnitzer TJ, Gray WL, Paster RZ, Kamin M. Efficacy of tramadol in treatment of chronic low back pain. Journal of Rheumatology. 2000;27:772–778
  27. Cicero TJ, Adams EH, Geller A, et al.  A postmarketing surveillance program to monitor Ultram (tramadol hydrochloride) abuse in the United States. Drug and Alcohol Dependence. 1999;57:7–22
  28. Roth SH, Fleischmann RM, Burch FX, et al.  Around-the-clock, controlled-release oxycodone therapy for osteoarthritis-related pain: placebo-controlled trial and long-term evaluation. Archives of Internal Medicine. 2000;160:853–860
  29. Hale ME, Fleischmann R, Salzman R, et al.  Efficacy and safety of controlled-release versus immediate-release oxycodone: randomized, double-blind evaluation in patients with chronic back pain. Clinical Journal of Pain. 1999;15:179–183
  30. Caldwell JR, Hale ME, Boyd RE, et al.  Treatment of osteoarthritis pain with controlled release oxycodone or fixed combination oxycodone plus acetaminophen added to nonsteroidal antiinflammatory drugs: a double blind, randomized, multicenter, placebo controlled trial. Journal of Rheumatology. 1999;26:862–869
  31. Turturro MA, Paris PM, Yealy DM, Menegazzi JJ. Hydrocodone versus codeine in acute musculoskeletal pain. Annals of Emergency Medicine. 1991;20:1100–1103
  32. Gimbel JS, Brugger A, Zhao W, et al.  Efficacy and tolerability of celecoxib versus hydrocodone/acetaminophen in the treatment of pain after ambulatory orthopedic surgery in adults. Clinical Therapeutics. 2001;23:228–241
  33. Linton SJ. A review of psychological risk factors in back and neck pain. Spine. 2000;25:1148–1156
  34. Crawford F, Atkins D, Edwards J. Interventions for treating plantar heel pain. Cochrane Database Systematic Reviews. 2000;3:CD000416
  35. Hawkey CJ. COX-2 inhibitors. Lancet. 1999;353:307–314
  36. Riendeau D, Percival MD, Brideau C, et al.  Etoricoxib (MK-0663): preclinical profile and comparison with other agents that selectively inhibit cyclooxygenase-2. Journal of Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics. 2001;296:558–566
  37. Watson DJ, Harper SE, Zhao PL, et al.  Gastrointestinal tolerability of the selective cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) inhibitor rofecoxib compared with nonselective COX-1 and COX-2 inhibitors in osteoarthritis. Archives of Internal Medicine. 2000;160:2998–3003
  38. Hawkey CJ. NSAID toxicity: where are we and how do we go forward?. Journal of Rheumatology. 2002;29:650–652
  39. van Hecken A, Schwartz JI, Depre M, et al.  Comparative inhibitory activity of rofecoxib, meloxicam, diclofenac, ibuprofen, and naproxen on COX-2 versus COX-1 in healthy volunteers. Journal of Clinical Pharamacology. 2000;40:1109–1120
  40. Day R, Morrison B, Luza A, et al.  A randomized trial of the efficacy and tolerability of the COX-2 inhibitor rofecoxib vs ibuprofen in patients with osteoarthritis. Rofecoxib/Ibuprofen Comparator Study Group. Archives of Internal Medicine. 2000;160:1781–1787
  41. Ehrich EW, Bolognese JA, Watson DJ, Kong SX. Effect of rofecoxib therapy on measures of health-related quality of life in patients with osteoarthritis. The American Journal of Managed Care. 2001;7:609–616
  42. Detora LM, Krupa D, Bolognese J, et al.  Rofecoxib shows consistent efficacy in osteoarthritis clinical trials, regardless of specific patient demographic and disease factors. Journal of Rheumatology. 2001;28:2494–2503
  43. Truitt KE, Sperling RS, Ettinger WH, et al.  A multicenter, randomized, controlled trial to evaluate the safety profile, tolerability, and efficacy of rofecoxib in advanced elderly patients with osteoarthritis. Aging (Milan). 2001;13:112–121
  44. Zhao SZ, McMillen JI, Markenson JA, et al.  Evaluation of the functional status aspects of health-related quality of life of patients with osteoarthritis treated with celecoxib. Pharmacotherapy. 1999;19:1269–1278
  45. Bensen WG, Fiechtner JJ, McMillen JI, et al.  Treatment of osteoarthritis with celecoxib, a cyclooxygenase-2 inhibitor: a randomized controlled trial. Mayo Clinic Proceedings. 1999;74:1095–1105
  46. McKenna F, Borenstein D, Wendt H, et al.  Celecoxib versus diclofenac in the management of osteoarthritis of the knee. Scandinavian Journal of Rheumatology. 2001;30:11–18
  47. Williams GW, Hubbard RC, Yu SS, et al.  Comparison of once-daily and twice-daily administration of celecoxib for the treatment of osteoarthritis of the knee. Clinical Therapeutics. 2001;23:213–227
  48. Leung AT, Malmstrom K, Gallacher AE, et al.  Efficacy and tolerability profile of etoricoxib in patients with osteoarthritis: a randomized double-blind, placebo and active-comparator controlled 12-week efficacy trial. Current Medical Research and Opinion. 2002;18:49–58
  49. Makarowski W, Zhao WW, Bevirt T, Recker DP. Efficacy and safety of the COX-2 specific inhibitor valdecoxib in the management of osteoarthritis of the hip: a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled comparison with naproxen. Osteoarthritis and Cartilage. 2002;10:290–296
  50. Cannon GW, Breedveld FC. Efficacy of cyclooxygenase-2-specific inhibitors. American Journal of Medicine. 2001;110(supplement 3A):6S–12S
  51. Lisse J, Espinoza L, Zhao SZ, et al.  Functional status and health-related quality of life of elderly osteoarthritic patients treated with celecoxib. The Journals of Gerontology. Series A, Biological Sciences and Medical Sciences. 2001;56:M167–M175
  52. Morrison BW, Fricke J, Brown J, et al.  The optimal analgesic dose of rofecoxib: overview of six randomized controlled trials. Journal of the American Dental Association. 2000;131:1729–1737
  53. Reuben SS, Connelly NR. Postoperative analgesic effects of celecoxib or rofecoxib after spinal fusion surgery. Anesthesia and Analgesia. 2000;91:1221–1225
  54. Brater DC, Harris C, Redfern JS, Gertz BJ. Renal effects of COX-2-selective inhibitors. American Journal of Nephrology. 2001;21:1–15
  55. Silverstein FE, Faich G, Goldstein JL, et al.  Gastrointestinal toxicity with celecoxib vs nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs for osteoarthritis and rheumatoid arthritis: the CLASS study: a randomized controlled trial. Celecoxib long-term arthritis safety study. Journal of the American Medical Association. 2000;284:1247–1255
  56. Juni P, Rutjes AW, Dieppe PA. Are selective COX 2 inhibitors superior to traditional non steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs?. British Medical Journal. 2002;324:1287–1288
  57. Bombardier C, Laine L, Reicin A, et al.  Comparison of upper gastrointestinal toxicity of rofecoxib and naproxen in patients with rheumatoid arthritis. VIGOR study group. New England Journal of Medicine. 2000;343:1520–1528
  58. Boers M. NSAIDS and selective COX-2 inhibitors: competition between gastroprotection and cardioprotection. Lancet. 2001;357:1222–1223
  59. FitzGerald GA, Patrono C. The coxibs, selective inhibitors of cyclooxygenase-2. New England Journal of Medicine. 2001;345:433–442
  60. Konstam MA, Weir MR, Reicin A, et al.  Cardiovascular thrombotic events in controlled, clinical trials of rofecoxib. Circulation. 2001;104:2280–2288
  61. White WB, Faich G, Whelton A, et al.  Comparison of thromboembolic events in patients treated with celecoxib, a cyclooxygenase-2 specific inhibitor, versus ibuprofen or diclofenac. American Journal of Cardiology. 2002;89:425–430
  62. Rahme E, Pilote L, LeLorier J. Association between naproxen use and protection against acute myocardial infarction. Archives of Internal Medicine. 2002;162:1111–1115
  63. Watson DJ, Rhodes T, Cai B, Guess HA. Lower risk of thromboembolic cardiovascular events with naproxen among patients with rheumatoid arthritis. Archives of Internal Medicine. 2002;162:1105–1110
  64. Solomon DH, Glynn RJ, Levin R, Avorn J. Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug use and acute myocardial infarction. Archives of Internal Medicine. 2002;162:1099–1104
  65. Dalen JE. Selective COX-2 inhibitors, NSAIDs, aspirin, and myocardial infarction. Archives of Internal Medicine. 2002;162:1091–1092
  66. Wenkers BP, Lippold BC. Skin penetration of nonsteroidal antiinflammatory drugs out of a lipophilic vehicle: influence of the viable epidermis. Journal of Pharmaceutical Science. 1999;88:1326–1331
  67. Heyneman CA. Topical nonsteroidal antiinflammatory drugs for acute soft tissue injuries. Annals of Pharmacotherapy. 1995;29:780–782
  68. Ophaswongse S, Maibach H. Topical nonsteroidal antiinflammatory drugs: allergic and photoallergic contact dermatitis and phototoxicity. Contact Dermatitis. 1993;29:57–64
  69. Cutaneous reactions to topical NSAIDs. Prescrire International 2000; 9: 114–115.
  70. Renal impairment due to topical NSAIDS. Prescrire International 2002; 11:86.
  71. Moulin DE. Systemic drug treatment for chronic musculoskeletal pain. Clinical Journal of Pain. 2001;17(supplement 4):S86–S93
  72. O'Malley PG, Balden E, Tomkins G, et al.  Treatment of fibromyalgia with antidepressants: a meta-analysis. Journal of General Internal Medicine. 2000;15:659–666
  73. Arnold LM, Keck PE, Welge JA. Antidepressant treatment of fibromyalgia. A meta-analysis and review. Psychosomatics. 2000;41:104–113
  74. Fishbain D. Evidence-based data on pain relief with antidepressants. Annals of Medicine. 2000;32:305–316
  75. Salerno SM, Browning R, Jackson JL. The effect of antidepressant treatment on chronic back pain: a meta-analysis. Archives of Internal Medicine. 2002;162:19–24
  76. Waldman HJ. Centrally acting skeletal muscle relaxants and associated drugs. Journal of Pain and Symptom Management. 1994;9:434–441
  77. Vaeroy H, Abrahamsen A, Forre O, Kass E. Treatment of fibromyalgia (fibrositis syndrome): a parallel double blind trial with carisoprodol, paracetamol and caffeine (Somadril comp) versus placebo. Clinical Rheumatology. 1989;8:245–250
  78. Baratta RR. A double-blind comparative study of carisoprodol, propoxyphene, and placebo in the management of low back syndrome. Current Therapeutic Research, Clinical and Experimental. 1976;20:233–240
  79. Gallardo F, Molgo J, Miyazaki C, Rossi E. Carisoprodol in the treatment of myofascial pain-dysfunction syndrome. Journal of Oral Surgery. 1975;33:655–658
  80. Hindle TH. Comparison of carisoprodol, butabarbital, and placebo in treatment of the low back syndrome. California Medicine. 1972;117:7–11
  81. Curatolo M, Bogduk N. Pharmacologic pain treatment of musculoskeletal disorders: current perspectives and future prospects. Clinical Journal of Pain. 2001;17:25–32
  82. Reeves RR, Pinkofsky HB, Carter OS. Carisoprodol: a drug of continuing abuse. The Journal of the American Osteopathic Association. 1997;97:723–724

PII: S1521-6942(02)00102-X

doi: 10.1016/S1521-6942(02)00102-X

Best Practice & Research Clinical Rheumatology
Volume 17, Issue 1 , Pages 137-150 , February 2003

Article Tools