Best Practice & Research Clinical Rheumatology
Volume 20, Issue 3 , Pages 507-519 , June 2006

Imaging in ankylosing spondylitis

  • Walter P. Maksymowych, FRCP (C) (Professor of Medicine)

      Affiliations

    • Corresponding Author InformationCorresponding author. Tel.: +1 780 407 1964; fax: +1 780 407 6055.

References 

  1. van der Linden S, Valkenburg HA, Cats A. Evaluation of diagnostic criteria for ankylosing spondylitis. A proposal for modification of the New York criteria. Arthritis and Rheumatism. 1984;27:361–368
  2. Feldtkeller E, Khan MA, Van Der Heijde D, et al. Age at disease onset and diagnosis delay in HLA-B27 negative vs. positive patients with ankylosing spondylitis. Rheumatology International. 2003;23:61–66
  3. Van Tubergen A, Heuft-Dorenbosch L, Schulpen G, et al. Radiographic assessment of sacroiliitis by radiologists and rheumatologists: does training improve quality?. Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases. 2003;62:519–525
  4. Wanders AJ, Landewé RB, Spoorenberg A, et al. What is the most appropriate radiologic scoring method for ankylosing spondylitis? A comparison of the available methods based on the outcome measures in rheumatology clinical trials filter. Arthritis and Rheumatism. 2004;50:2622–2632
  5. Wanders A, Landewé R, Dougados M, et al. Association between radiographic damage of the spine and spinal mobility for individual patients with ankylosing spondylitis: can assessment of spinal mobility be a proxy for radiographic evaluation?. Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases. 2005;64:988–994
  6. MacKay K, Mack C, Brophy S, Calin A. The bath ankylosing spondylitis radiology index (BASRI): a new, validated approach to disease assessment. Arthritis and Rheumatism. 1998;41:2263–2270
  7. Averns HL, Oxtoby J, Taylor HG, et al. Radiological outcome in ankylosing spondylitis: use of the stoke ankylosing spondylitis spine score (SASSS). British Journal of Rheumatology. 1996;35:373–376
  8. Creemers MC, Franssen MJ, van't Hof MA, et al. Assessment of outcome in ankylosing spondylitis: an extended radiographic scoring system. Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases. 2005;64:127–129
  9. Spoorenberg A, de Vlam K, van der Linden S, et al. Radiological scoring methods in ankylosing spondylitis. Reliability and change over 1 and 2 years. The Journal of Rheumatology. 2004;31:125–132
  10. Wanders A, Heijde D, Landewé R, et al. Nonsteroidal antiinflammatory drugs reduce radiographic progression in patients with ankylosing spondylitis: a randomized clinical trial. Arthritis and Rheumatism. 2005;52:1756–1765
  11. Francois RJ, Gardner DL, Degrave EJ, Bywaters EGL. Histopathologic evidence that sacroilitis in ankylosing spondylitis is not merely enthesitis. Arthritis and Rheumatism. 2000;43:2011–2024
  12. Battafarano DF, West SG, Rak KM, et al. Comparison of bone scan, computed tomography, and magnetic resonance imaging in the diagnosis of active sacroiliitis. Seminars in Arthritis and Rheumatism. 1993;23:161–176
  13. Puhakka KB, Jurik AG, Egund N, et al. Imaging of sacroiliitis in early seronegative spondylarthropathy. Assessment of abnormalities by MR in comparison with radiography and CT. Acta Radiologica. 2003;44:218–229
  14. Blum U, Buitrago-Tellez C, Mundinger A, et al. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) for detection of active sacroiliitis—a prospective study comparing conventional radiography, scintigraphy, and contrast enhanced MRI. The Journal of Rheumatology. 1996;23:2107–2115
  15. Wittram C, Whitehouse GH, Williams JW, Bucknall RC. A comparison of MR and CT in suspected sacroiliitis. Journal of Computer Assisted Tomography. 1996;20:68–72
  16. Ahlstrom H, Feltelius N, Nyman R, Hallgren R. Magnetic resonance imaging of sacroiliac joint inflammation. Arthritis and Rheumatism. 1990;33:1763–1769
  17. Muche B, Bollow M, Francois RJ, et al. Anatomic structures involved in early- and late-stage sacroiliitis in spondyloarthritis. Arthritis and Rheumatism. 2003;48:1374–1384
  18. Braun J, Baraliakos X, Golder W, et al. Analysing chronic spinal changes in ankylosing spondylitis: a systematic comparison of conventional x rays with magnetic resonance imaging using established and new scoring systems. Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases. 2004;63:1046–1055
  19. Baraliakos X, Landewé R, Hermann KG, et al. Inflammation in ankylosing spondylitis: a systematic description of the extent and frequency of acute spinal changes using magnetic resonance imaging. Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases. 2005;64:730–734
  20. Marzo-Ortega H, McGonagle D, O'Connor P, et al. Fat suppressed MRI in spinal disease in early spondyloarthropathy. Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases. 1999;58(supplement):116
  21. Bollow M, Fischer T, Reisshauer H, et al. Quantitative analyses of sacroiliac biopsies in spondylarthropathies: T cells and macrophages predominate in early and active sacroiliitis -cellularity correlates with the degree of enhancement detected by magnetic resonance imaging. Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases. 2000;59:135–140
  22. Braun J, Bollow M, Seyrekbasan F, et al. Computed tomography guided corticosteroid injection of the sacroiliac joint in patients with spondyloarthropathy with sacroiliitis: clinical outcome and followup by dynamic magnetic resonance imaging. The Journal of Rheumatology. 1996;23:659–664
  23. Puhakka KB, Jurik AG, Schiottz-Christensen B, et al. Magnetic resonance imaging of sacroiliitis in early seronegative spondylarthropathy. Abnormalities correlated to clinical and laboratory findings. Rheumatology. 2004;43:234–237
  24. Oostveen J, Prevo R, den Boer J, van de Laar M. Early detection of sacroiliitis on magnetic resonance imaging and subsequent development of sacroiliitis on plain radiography. A prospective, longitudinal study. The Journal of Rheumatology. 1999;26:1953–1958
  25. Braun J, Baraliakos X, Golder W, et al. Magnetic resonance imaging examinations of the spine in patients with ankylosing spondylitis, before and after successful therapy with infliximab. Evaluation of a new scoring system. Arthritis and Rheumatism. 2003;48:1126–1136
  26. Maksymowych WP, Inman RD, Salonen D, et al. Spondyloarthritis research consortium of Canada magnetic resonance imaging index for assessment of spinal inflammation in ankylosing spondylitis. Arthritis and Rheumatism. 2005;53:502–509
  27. van der Heijde DM, Landewé RB, Hermann KG, et al. Application of the OMERACT filter to scoring methods for magnetic resonance imaging of the sacroiliac joints and the spine. Recommendations for a research agenda at OMERACT 7. The Journal of Rheumatology. 2005;32:2042–2047
  28. Puhakka KB, Jurik AG, Egund N, et al. Imaging of sacroiliitis in early seronegative spondylarthropathy. Assessment of abnormalities by MR in comparison with radiography and CT. Acta Radiologica. 2003;44:218–229
  29. Maksymowych WP, Inman RD, Salonen D, et al. Spondyloarthritis research consortium of Canada magnetic resonance imaging index for assessment of sacroiliac joint inflammation in ankylosing spondylitis. Arthritis and Rheumatism. 2005;53:703–709
  30. Landewé RB, Hermann KG, van der Heijde DM, et al. Scoring sacroiliac joints by magnetic resonance imaging. A multiple-reader reliability experiment. The Journal of Rheumatology. 2005;32:2050–2055
  31. Braun J, Baraliakos X, Golder W, et al. Magnetic resonance imaging examinations of the spine in patients with ankylosing spondylitis, before and after successful therapy with infliximab: evaluation of a new scoring system. Arthritis and Rheumatism. 2003;48:1126–1136
  32. Baraliakos X, Davis J, Tsuji W, Braun J. Magnetic resonance imaging examinations of the spine in patients with ankylosing spondylitis before and after therapy with the tumor necrosis factor alpha receptor fusion protein etanercept. Arthritis and Rheumatism. 2005;52:1216–1223
  33. Rudwaleit M, Baraliakos X, Listing J, et al. Magnetic resonance imaging of the spine and the sacroiliac joints in ankylosing spondylitis and undifferentiated spondyloarthritis during treatment with etanercept. Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases. 2005;64:1305–1310
  34. Maksymowych WP, Inman RD, Salonen D, et al. Spondyloarthritis research consortium of Canada magnetic resonance imaging index for assessment of spinal inflammation in ankylosing spondylitis. Arthritis and Rheumatism. 2005;53:502–509
  35. Maksymowych WP, Dhillon SS, Park R, Lambert RGW. Validation of the spondyloarthritis research consortium of Canada (SPARCC) MRI spinal inflammation index: how many spinal segments are optimal?. Arthritis and Rheumatism. 2005;52(supplement 9):S633
  36. Baraliakos X, Hermann KG, Landewé R, et al. Assessment of acute spinal inflammation in patients with ankylosing spondylitis by magnetic resonance imaging: a comparison between contrast enhanced T1 and short tau inversion recovery (STIR) sequences. Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases. 2005;64:1141–1144
  37. Hermann KG, Landewé RB, Braun J, van der Heijde DM. Magnetic resonance imaging of inflammatory lesions in the spine in ankylosing spondylitis clinical trials: is paramagnetic contrast medium necessary?. The Journal of Rheumatology. 2005;32:2056–2060
  38. Braun J, Pham T, Sieper J, et al. ASAS Working Group. International ASAS consensus statement for the use of anti-tumour necrosis factor agents in patients with ankylosing spondylitis. Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases. 2003;62:817–824

PII: S1521-6942(06)00036-2

doi: 10.1016/j.berh.2006.03.006

Best Practice & Research Clinical Rheumatology
Volume 20, Issue 3 , Pages 507-519 , June 2006

Article Tools

* Image Usage & Resolution