Best Practice & Research Clinical Rheumatology
Volume 21, Issue 5 , Pages 807-825 , October 2007

Established rheumatoid arthritis: clinical assessments

  • Piet L.C.M. van Riel, PhD, MD (Head of Department)

      Affiliations

    • Corresponding Author InformationCorresponding author. Tel.: +31 24 3616531; Fax: +31 24 3541433.

References 

  1. Putte van de LBA, Gestel van AM, Riel van PLCM. Early treatment of rheumatoid arthritis: rationale, evidence, and implications. Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases. 1999;57:511–512
  2. Quinn MM, Conaghan PG, Emery P. The therapeutic approach of early intervention for rheumatoid arthritis: what is the evidence?. Rheumatology. 2001;40:1211–1220
  3. Riel van PLCM, Schumacher HR. How does one assess early rheumatoid arthritis in daily clinical practice?. Best Practice and Research. Clinical Rheumatology. 2001;15:67–76
  4. Van Gestel AM, Stucki G. Evaluation of established rheumatoid arthritis. Best Practice and Research. Clinical Rheumatology. 1999;4:629–644
  5. Fries JF. The hierarchy of outcome assessment. The Journal of Rheumatology. 1993;20:546–547
  6. Van der Heijde DMFM, van Riel PLCM, van Rijswijk MH, et al. Influence of prognostic features on the final outcome in rheumatoid arthritis: a review of literature. Seminars in Arthritis and Rheumatism. 1988;17:284–292
  7. Emery P, Salmon M, Bradley H, et al. Genetically determined factors as predictors of radiological change in patients with early symmetrical arthritis. British Medical Journal. 1992;305:1387–1389
  8. Van der Heijde DMFM, van Riel PLCM, van Leeuwen MA, et al. Prognostic factors for radiographic damage and physical disability in early rheumatoid arthritis. A prospective follow-up study of 147 patients. British Journal of Rheumatology. 1992;31:519–525
  9. Visser H, Le Cessie S, Vos K, et al. How to diagnose rheumatoid arthritis early. A prediction model for persistent (erosive) arthritis. Arthritis and Rheumatism. 2002;46(2):357–365
  10. Combe B, Dougados M, Goupille P, et al. Prognostic factors for radiographic damage in early rheumatoid arthritis: a multiparameter prospective study. Arthritis and Rheumatism. 2001;44:1736–1743
  11. Kaltenhauser S, Wagner U, Schuster E, et al. Immunogenetic markers and seropositivity predict radiological progression in early rheumatoid arthritis independent of disease activity. The Journal of Rheumatology. 2001;28:735–744
  12. Listing J, Rau R, Muller B, et al. HLA-DRB1 genes, rheumatoid factor, and elevated C-reactive protein: independent risk factors of radiographic progression in early rheumatoid arthritis. Berlin Collaborating Rheumatological Study Group. The Journal of Rheumatology. 2000;27:2100–2109
  13. Uhlig T, Smedstad LM, Vaglum P, et al. The course of rheumatoid arthritis and predictors of psychological, physical and radiographic outcome after 5 years of follow-up. Rheumatology. 2000;39:732–741
  14. Kroot EJ, de Jong BA, van Leeuwen MA, et al. The prognostic value of anti-cyclic citrullinated peptide antibody in patients with recent-onset rheumatoid arthritis. Arthritis and Rheumatism. 2000;43:1831–1835
  15. Schellekens GA, Visser H, de Jong BA, et al. The diagnostic properties of rheumatoid arthritis antibodies recognizing a cyclic citrullinated peptide. Arthritis and Rheumatism. 2000;43:155–163
  16. Paimela L, Palosuo T, Aho K, et al. Association of autoantibodies to filaggrin with an active disease in early rheumatoid arthritis. Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases. 2001;60:32–35
  17. Bas S, Perneger TV, Mikhnevitch E, et al. Association of rheumatoid factors and anti-filaggrin antibodies with severity of erosions in rheumatoid arthritis. Rheumatology (Oxford). 2000;39:1082–1088
  18. Van Jaarsveld CH, ter Borg EJ, Jacobs JW, et al. The prognostic value of the antiperinuclear factor, anti-citrullinated peptide antibodies and rheumatoid factor in early rheumatoid arthritis. Clinical and Experimental Rheumatology. 1999;17:689–697
  19. Mattey DL, Hassell AB, Dawes PT, et al. Independent association of rheumatoid factor and the HLA-DRB1 shared epitope with radiographic outcome in rheumatoid arthritis. Arthritis and Rheumatism. 2001;44:1529–1533
  20. El-Gabalawy HS, Goldbach-Mansky R, Smith D, et al. Association of HLA alleles and clinical features in patients with synovitis of recent onset. Arthritis and Rheumatism. 1999;42:1696–1705
  21. Harrison B, Thomson W, Symmons D, et al. The influence of HLA-DRB1 alleles and rheumatoid factor on disease outcome in an inception cohort of patients with early inflammatory arthritis. Arthritis and Rheumatism. 1999;42:2174–2183
  22. Jantti JK, Kaarela K, Luukkainen RK, et al. Prediction of 20-year outcome at onset of seropositive rheumatoid arthritis. Clinical and Experimental Rheumatology. 2000;18:387–390
  23. Wolfe F, Sharp JT. Radiographic outcome of recent-onset rheumatoid arthritis: a 19-year study of radiographic progression. Arthritis and Rheumatism. 1998;41:1571–1582
  24. Van der Heide A, Remme CA, Hofman DM, et al. Prediction of progression of radiologic damage in newly diagnosed rheumatoid arthritis. Arthritis and Rheumatism. 1995;38:1466–1474
  25. Van Leeuwen MA, van Rijswijk MH, Sluiter WJ, et al. Individual relationship between progression of radiological damage and the acute phase response in early rheumatoid arthritis. Towards development of a decision support system. The Journal of Rheumatology. 1997;24:20–27
  26. Aman S, Paimela L, Leirisalo-Repo M, et al. Prediction of disease progression in early rheumatoid arthritis by ICTP, RF and CRP. A comparative 3-year follow-up study. Rheumatology (Oxford). 2000;39:1009–1013
  27. Saevarsdottir S, Vikingsdottir T, Vikingsson A, et al. Low mannose binding lectin predicts poor prognosis in patients with early rheumatoid arthritis. A prospective study. The Journal of Rheumatology. 2001;28:728–734
  28. Goldbach-Mansky R, Lee J, McCoy A, et al. Rheumatoid arthritis associated autoantibodies in patients with synovitis of recent onset. Arthritis and Research. 2000;2:236–243
  29. Glennas A, Kvien TK, Andrup O, et al. Recent onset arthritis in the elderly: a 5 year longitudinal observational study. The Journal of Rheumatology. 2000;27:101–108
  30. Valenzuela-Castano A, Garcia-Lopez A, Perez-Vilches D, et al. The predictive value of the HLA shared epitope for severity of radiological joint damage in patients with rheumatoid arthritis. A 10 year observational prospective study. The Journal of Rheumatology. 2000;27:571–574
  31. Pease CT, Bhakta BB, Devlin J, et al. Does the age of onset of rheumatoid arthritis influence phenotype? A prospective study of outcome and prognostic factors. Rheumatology. 1999;38:228–234
  32. Fex E, Jonsson K, Johnson U, et al. Development of radiographic damage during the first 5–6 yr of rheumatoid arthritis. A prospective follow-up study of a Swedish cohort. British Journal of Rheumatology. 1996;35:1106–1115
  33. Curkovic B, Babic-Naglic D, Durrigl T, et al. The prognosis of rheumatoid arthritis. Reumatizam. 1996;43:10–15
  34. Kuiper S, van Gestel AM, Swinkels HL, et al. Influence of sex, age, and menopausal state on the course of early rheumatoid arthritis. The Journal of Rheumatology. 2001;28:1809–1816
  35. Van Lankveld W, Naring G, van’t PadBosch P, et al. The negative effect of decreasing the level of activity in coping with pain in rheumatoid arthritis: an increase in psychological distress and disease impact. Journal of Behavioral Medicine. 2000;23:377–391
  36. Scharloo M, Kaptein AA, Weinman JA, et al. Predicting functional status in patients with rheumatoid arthritis. The Journal of Rheumatology. 1999;26:1686–1693
  37. Scharloo M, Kaptein AA, Weinman J, et al. Illness perceptions, coping and functioning in patients with rheumatoid arthritis, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease and psoriasis. Journal of Psychosomatic Research. 1998;44:573–585
  38. Evers AW, Kraaimaat FW, Geenen R, et al. Psychosocial predictors of functional change in recently diagnosed rheumatoid arthritis patients. Behaviour Research and Therapy. 1998;36:179–193
  39. Persson LO, Berglund K, Sahlberg D. Psychological factors in chronic rheumatic diseases – a review. The case of rheumatoid arthritis, current research and some problems. Scandinavian Journal of Rheumatology. 1999;28:137–144
  40. Radanov BP, Schwarz HA, Frost SA, et al. Relationship between self-rated functional status and psychosocial stress in patients suffering from rheumatoid arthritis. Psychotherapy and Psychosomatics. 1997;66:252–257
  41. Tugwell P, Boers M, OMERACT Committee . Developing consensus on preliminary core efficacy endpoints for rheumatoid arthritis clinical trials. The Journal of Rheumatology. 1993;20:555–561
  42. Van Riel PLCM. Provisional guidelines for measuring disease activity in RA clinical trials. Editorial British Journal of Rheumatology. 1992;31:793–794
  43. Van Riel PLCM, van de Putte LBA. Clinical assessment and clinical trials in rheumatoid arthritis. Current Opinion In Rheumatology. 1994;6:132–139
  44. Felson DT, Anderson JJ, Boers M, et al. The American College of Rheumatology preliminary core set of disease activity measures for rheumatoid arthritis clinical trials. Arthritis and Rheumatism. 1993;36:729–740
  45. Anderson JJ, Wells G, Verhoeven AC, et al. Factors predicting response to treatment in rheumatoid arthritis: the importance of disease duration. Arthritis and Rheumatism. 2000;43:22–29
  46. Ward MM. Assessing the relative sensitivity to change of rheumatoid arthritis activity measures: is the type of treatment an important third variable?. Journal of Clinical Epidemiology. 1996;49:1161–1169
  47. Prevoo MLL, van Riel PLCM, van ’t Hof MA, et al. Validity and reliability of joint indices. A longitudinal study in patients with recent onset rheumatoid arthritis. British Journal of Rheumatology. 1993;32:589–594
  48. American College of Rheumatology Committee on Outcome Measures in Rheumatoid Arthritis Clinical Trials. Reduced joint counts in rheumatoid arthritis clinical trials. Editorial Arthritis and Rheumatism. 1994;37:463–464
  49. Smolen JS. Report on the EULAR Standing Committee on International Clinical Studies Including Therapeutic Trials. European Journal of Rheumatology. 1994;23:37–39
  50. Thompson PW, Kirwan JR. Joint counts: a review of old and new articular indices of joint inflammation. British Journal of Rheumatology. 1995;34:1003–1008
  51. Smolen JS, Breedveld FC, Eberl G, et al. Validity and reliability of the twenty-eight-joint count for the assessment of rheumatoid arthritis activity. Arthritis and Rheumatism. 1995;38:38–43
  52. Prevoo ML, Kuper IH, van ’t Hof MA, et al. Validity and reproducibility of self-administered joint counts. A prospective longitudinal followup study in patients with rheumatoid arthritis. The Journal of Rheumatology. 1996;23:841–845
  53. Calvo FA, Calvo A, Berrocal A, et al. Self-administered joint counts in rheumatoid arthritis: comparison with standard joint counts. The Journal of Rheumatology. 1999;26:536–539
  54. Wong AL, Wong WK, Harker J, et al. Patient self-report tender and swollen joint counts in early rheumatoid arthritis. Western Consortium of Practicing Rheumatologists. The Journal of Rheumatology. 1999;26:2551–2561
  55. Hanly JG, Mosher D, Sutton E, et al. Self-assessment of disease activity by patients with rheumatoid arthritis. The Journal of Rheumatology. 1996;23:1531–1538
  56. Stucki G, Liang MH, Stucki S, et al. Self-administered rheumatoid arthritis disease activity index (RADAI) for epidemiologic research. Psychometric properties and correlation with parameters of disease activity. Arthritis and Rheumatism. 1995;38:795–798
  57. Stucki G, Stucki S, Bruhlmann P, et al. Comparison of the validity and reliability of self-reported articular indices. British Journal of Rheumatology. 1995;34:760–766
  58. Scott DL, Houssien DA. Joint assessment in rheumatoid arthritis. British Journal of Rheumatology. 1996;35(Suppl):214–218
  59. Van der Heijde DMFM, van ’t Hof MA, van Riel PLCM, et al. Validity of single variables and indices to measure disease activity in rheumatoid arthritis. The Journal of Rheumatology. 1993;20:538–541
  60. Anderson JJ, Chernoff MC. Sensitivity to change of rheumatoid arthritis clinical trial outcome measures. The Journal of Rheumatology. 1993;20:535–537
  61. Astbury C, Platt R, Dixon JS, et al. Optimizing the assessment of disease activity during treatment with anti-rheumatoid drugs. British Journal of Rheumatology. 1993;32:467–473
  62. Dixon JS, Hayes S, Constable PDL, Bird HA. What are the ‘best’ measurements for monitoring patients during short-term second-line therapy?. British Journal of Rheumatology. 1988;27:37–43
  63. Van Leeuwen MA, van Rijswijk MH, van der Heijde DMFM, et al. The acute-phase response in relation to radiographic progression in early rheumatoid arthritis: a prospective study during the first three years of the disease. British Journal of Rheumatology. 1993;32:9–13
  64. Plant MJ, Williams AL, O'Sullivan MM, et al. Relationship between time-integrated C-reactive protein levels and radiologic progression in patients with rheumatoid arthritis. Arthritis and Rheumatism. 2000;43:1473–1477
  65. Devlin J, Gough A, Huissoon A, et al. The acute phase and function in early rheumatoid arthritis. C-reactive protein levels correlate with functional outcome. The Journal of Rheumatology. 1997;24:9–13
  66. Van Leeuwen MA, van Rijswijk MH. Acute phase proteins in the monitoring of inflammatory disorders. Baillière's Clinical Rheumatology. 1994;8:531–552
  67. O'Hara R, Murphy EP, Whitehead AS, et al. Acute-phase serum amyloid A production by rheumatoid arthritis synovial tissue. Arthritis Research. 2000;2:142–144
  68. Vallon R, Freuler F, Desta-Tsedu N, et al. Serum amyloid A (apoSAA) expression is up-regulated in rheumatoid arthritis and induces transcription of matrix metalloproteinases. Journal of Immunology. 2001;166:2801–2807
  69. Cunnane G, Grehan S, Geoghegan S, et al. Serum amyloid A in the assessment of early inflammatory arthritis. The Journal of Rheumatology. 2000;27:58–63
  70. Ribbens C, Andre B, Jaspar JM, et al. Matrix metalloproteinase-3 serum levels are correlated with disease activity and predict clinical response in rheumatoid arthritis. The Journal of Rheumatology. 2000;27:888–893
  71. Posthumus MD, Limburg PC, Westra J, et al. Serum matrix metalloproteinase 3 in early rheumatoid arthritis is correlated with disease activity and radiological progression. The Journal of Rheumatology. 2000;27:2761–2768
  72. Lacki JK, Samborski W, Mackiewicz S, et al. Do changes in clinical improvement in rheumatoid arthritis patients treated with immunosuppressive drugs reflect the changes in acute phase proteins?. Upsala Journal of Medical Sciences. 1995;100:233–242
  73. Melzack R. The McGill pain questionnaire. Pain. 1975;1:277–299
  74. Meenan RF, Gertman PM, Mason JM. Measuring health status in arthritis: the arthritis impact measurement scales. Arthritis and Rheumatism. 1980;23:146–152
  75. Anderson K, Bradley LA, McDaniel LK, et al. The assessment of pain in rheumatoid arthritis: disease differentiation and temporal stability of a behavioral observation method. The Journal of Rheumatology. 1987;14:700–704
  76. Buchbinder R, Bombardier C, Yeung M, et al. Which outcome measures should be used in rheumatoid arthritis clinical trials? Clinical and quality-of-life measures' responsiveness to treatment in a randomized controlled trial. Arthritis and Rheumatism. 1995;38:1568–1580
  77. Bosi Ferraz M, Quaresma MR, Aquino LRL, et al. Reliability of pain scales in the assessment of literate and illiterate patients in rheumatoid arthritis. The Journal of Rheumatology. 1990;17:1022–1024
  78. Felson DT, Anderson JJ, Boers M, et al. American College of Rheumatology preliminary definition of improvement in rheumatoid arthritis. Arthritis and Rheumatism. 1995;38:727–735
  79. Bellamy N, Campbell J, Syrotuik J. Comparative study of self-rating pain scales in rheumatoid arthritis patients. Current Medical Research and Opinion. 1999;15:121–127
  80. Verhoeven AC, Boers M, van der Linden S. Responsiveness of the core set, response criteria, and utilities in early rheumatoid arthritis. Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases. 2000;59:966–974
  81. Tugwell P, Wells G, Strand V, et al. Clinical improvement as reflected in measures of function and health-related quality of life following treatment with leflunomide compared with methotrexate in patients with rheumatoid arthritis: sensitivity and relative efficiency to detect a treatment effect in a twelve-month, placebo-controlled trial. Leflunomide Rheumatoid Arthritis Investigators Group. Arthritis and Rheumatism. 2000;43:506–514
  82. Lansbury A. A method for summation of the systemic indices of rheumatoid activity. American Journal of the Medical Sciences. 1956;232:300–310
  83. Fuchs HA. The use of the disease activity score in the analysis of clinical trials in rheumatoid arthritis. The Journal of Rheumatology. 1993;20:1863–1866
  84. Prevoo ML, van ’t Hof MA, Kuper HH, et al. Modified disease activity scores that include twenty-eight-joint counts. Development and validation in a prospective longitudinal study of patients with rheumatoid arthritis. Arthritis and Rheumatism. 1995;38:44–48
  85. Mallya RK, Mace BEW. The assessment of disease activity in rheumatoid arthritis using a multivariate analysis. Rheumatology and Rehabilitation. 1981;20:14–17
  86. Van Riel PLCM, Reekers P, van de Putte LBA, et al. Association of HLA antigens, toxic reactions and therapeutic response to auranofin and aurothioglucose in patients with rheumatoid arthritis. Tissue Antigens. 1983;22:194–199
  87. Corkill M, Kirkham BW, Chikanza IC, et al. Intramuscular depot methylprednisolone induction of chrysotherapy in rheumatoid arthritis: a 24-week randomized controlled trial. British Journal of Rheumatology. 1990;29:274–279
  88. Davis MJ, Dawes PT, Fowler PD, et al. Comparison and evaluation of a disease activity index for use in patients with rheumatoid arthritis. British Journal of Rheumatology. 1990;29:111–115
  89. Symmons DP, Hassell AB, Gunatillaka KA, et al. Development and preliminary assessment of a simple measure of overall status in rheumatoid arthritis (OSRA) for routine clinical use. The Quarterly Journal of Medicine. 1995;88:429–437
  90. Birrell FN, Hassell AB, Jones PW, et al. Why not use OSRA? A comparison of Overall Status in Rheumatoid Arthritis (RA) with ACR core set and other indices of disease activity in RA. The Journal of Rheumatology. 1998;25:1709–1715
  91. Smolen J, Breedveld FC, Schiff M, et al. A simplified disease activity index for rheumatoid arthritis for use in clinical practice. Rheumatology (Oxford). 2003;42(2):244–257
  92. Fransen J, Hauselmann H, Michel BA, et al. Responsiveness of the self-assessed rheumatoid arthritis disease activity index to a flare of disease activity. Arthritis and Rheumatism. 2001;44:53–60
  93. Fransen J, Langenegger T, Michel BA, et al. Feasibility and validity of the RADAI, a self-administered rheumatoid arthritis disease activity index. Rheumatology (Oxford). 2000;39:321–327
  94. Pinals RS, Masi AT, Larsen RA. Preliminary criteria for remission in rheumatoid arthritis. Arthritis and Rheumatism. 1981;24:1308–1315
  95. Smythe HA, Helewa A, Goldsmith CH. ‘Independent assessor’ and ‘pooled index’ as techniques for measuring treatment effects in rheumatoid arthritis. The Journal of Rheumatology. 1977;4:144–152
  96. Paulus HE, Egger MJ, Ward JR, et al. Analysis of improvement in individual rheumatoid arthritis patients treated with disease-modifying antirheumatic drugs, based on the findings in patients treated with placebo. Arthritis and Rheumatism. 1990;33:477–484
  97. Van Gestel AM, Prevoo MLL, van’t Hof MA, et al. Development and validation of the European League Against Rheumatism response criteria for rheumatoid arthritis. Arthritis and Rheumatism. 1996;39:34–40
  98. Scott DL. A simple index to assess disease activity in RA. The Journal of Rheumatology. 1993;20:582–584
  99. Villaverde V, Balsa A, Cantalejo M, et al. Activity indices in rheumatoid arthritis. The Journal of Rheumatology. 2000;27:2576–2581
  100. Van Gestel AM, Anderson JJ, van Riel PL, et al. ACR and EULAR improvement criteria have comparable validity in rheumatoid arthritis trials. American College of Rheumatology European League of Associations for Rheumatology. The Journal of Rheumatology. 1999;26:705–711
  101. Felson DT, Anderson JJ, Lange ML, et al. Should improvement in rheumatoid arthritis clinical trials be defined as fifty percent or seventy percent improvement in core set measures, rather than twenty percent?. Arthritis and Rheumatism. 1998;41:1564–1570
  102. Prevoo MLL, Gestel van AM, van ’t Hof MA, et al. Remission in a prospective study of patients with rheumatoid arthritis. ARA preliminary remission criteria in relation to the disease activity score. British Journal of Rheumatology. 1996;35:1101–1105
  103. Svensson B, Schaufelberger C, Teleman A, et al. Remission and response to early treatment of RA assessed by the Disease Activity Score. BARFOT study group. Better Anti-rheumatic Farmacotherapy. Rheumatology (Oxford). 2000;39:1031–1036
  104. Fransen J, Creemers MCW, Van Riel PLCM. Remission in rheumatoid arthritis: agreement of the disease activity score (DAS28) with the ARA preliminary remission criteria. Rheumatology (Oxford). 2004 Oct;43(10):1252–1255
  105. Van Riel PLCM, Fransen J. To be in remission or not: is that the question?. Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases. 2005 Oct;64(10):1389–1390
  106. Pham B, Cranney A, Boers M, et al. Validity of area-under-the-curve analysis to summarize effect in rheumatoid arthritis clinical trials. The Journal of Rheumatology. 1999;26:712–716
  107. Bathon JM, Martin RW, Fleischmann RM, et al. A comparison of etanercept and methotrexate in patients with early rheumatoid arthritis. The New England Journal of Medicine. 2000;30(343):1586–1593
  108. Van Riel PL, van Gestel AM. Area under the curve for the American College of Rheumatology improvement criteria: a valid addition to existing criteria in rheumatoid arthritis?. Arthritis and Rheumatism. 2001;44:1719–1721(letter)
  109. Twisk JW. Different statistical models to analyze epidemiological observational longitudinal data: an example from the Amsterdam Growth and Health Study. International Journal of Sports Medicine. 1997;18(Suppl 3):S216–S224
  110. Welsing PMJ, Landewe RB, Van Riel PL, et al. The relationship between disease activity and radiologic progression in patients with rheumatoid arthritis: a longitudinal analysis. Arthritis and Rheumatism. 2004;50:2082–2093
  111. Rasker JJ, Cosh JA. Course and prognosis of early rheumatoid arthritis. Scandinavian Journal of Rheumatology. 1989;79(Suppl):45–56
  112. Welsing PMJ, van Gestel AM, Swinkel HL, et al. The relation between disease activity, joint destruction, and functional capacity over the course of rheumatoid arthritis. Arthritis and Rheumatism. 2001;44:2009–2017
  113. Wolfe F, Hawley J, Cathey MA. Clinical and Health Status measures over time: Prognosis and outcome assessment in rheumatoid Arthritis. The Journal of Rheumatology. 1991;18:1290–1297
  114. Wolfe F, Pincus T. The level of inflammation in rheumatoid arthritis is determined early and remains stable over the longterm course. The Journal of Rheumatology. 2001;28:1817–1824
  115. Welsing PMJ, Fransen J, Riel van PLCM. Is the disease course of Rheumatoid Arthritis Becoming Milder? Time Trends Since 1985 in an Inception Cohort of Early Rheumatoid Arthritis. Arthritis and Rheumatism. 2005;52(9):2616–2624
  116. Pincus T, Sokka T, Kautiainen H. Patients seen for standard rheumatoid arthritis care have significantly better articular, radiographic, laboratory, and functional status in 2000 than in 1985. Arthritis and Rheumatism. 2005 Apr;52(4):1009–1019
  117. Kremers HM, Nicola P, Crowson CS, et al. Therapeutic strategies in rheumatoid arthritis over a 40-year period. The Journal of Rheumatology. 2004;31(12):2366–2373
  118. Wiles DG, Scott DGI, Barret EM, et al. Benchmarking: the five year outcome of rheumatoid arthritis assessed using a pain score, the Health Assessment Questionnaire, and the short form-36 (SF-36) in a community and a clinic based sample. Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases. 2001;60:956–961
  119. Van Zeben D, Hazes JM, Zwinderman AH, et al. The severity of rheumatoid arthritis: a 6-year followup study of younger women with symptoms of recent onset. The Journal of Rheumatology. 1994;21:1620–1625

PII: S1521-6942(07)00075-7

doi: 10.1016/j.berh.2007.06.001

Best Practice & Research Clinical Rheumatology
Volume 21, Issue 5 , Pages 807-825 , October 2007