Best Practice & Research Clinical Rheumatology
Volume 22, Issue 6 , Pages 981-999 , December 2008

What the practising rheumatologist needs to know about the technical fundamentals of ultrasonography

  • Wolfgang A. Schmidt, MD (PD Dr Med.)

      Affiliations

    • Corresponding Author InformationCorresponding author. Tel.: +49 30 94792306; Fax: +49 30 94792550.

References 

  1. Bruyn GAW, Schmidt WA. Introductory guide to musculoskeletal ultrasound for the rheumatologist. Houten: Bohn Stafleu van Loghum; 2006;
  2. Bricker L, Garcia J, Henderson J, et al. Ultrasound screening in pregnancy: a systematic review of the clinical effectiveness, cost-effectiveness and women's views. Health Technology Assessment. 2000;4:1–193
  3. Schmidt WA. Doppler sonography in rheumatology. Best Practice and Research. Clinical Rheumatology. 2004;18:827–846
  4. Schmidt WA. The role of color and power Doppler sonography in rheumatology. Nature Clinical Practice. Rheumatology. 2007;3:35–42
  5. Mesurolle B, Helou T, El-Khoury M, et al. Tissue harmonic imaging, frequency compound imaging, and conventional imaging: use and benefit in breast sonography. Journal of Ultrasound in Medicine. 2007;26:1041–1051
  6. Hawkins K, Henry JS, Krasuski RA. Tissue harmonic imaging in echocardiography: better valve imaging, but at what cost?. Echocardiography. 2008;25:119–123
  7. Kane D, Balint PV, Sturrock R, Grassi W. Musculoskeletal ultrasound – a state of the art review in rheumatology. Part 1: Current controversies and issues in the development of musculoskeletal ultrasound in rheumatology. Rheumatology. 2004;43:823–828
  8. Wallny TA, Schild RL, Schulze Bertelsbeck D, et al. Three-dimensional ultrasonography in the diagnosis of rotator cuff lesions. Ultrasound in Medicine and Biology. 2001;27:745–749
  9. Klauser A, Frauscher F, Schirmer M, et al. The value of contrast-enhanced color Doppler ultrasound in the detection of vascularization of finger joints in patients with rheumatoid arthritis. Arthritis and Rheumatism. 2002;46:647–653
  10. Song IH, Althoff CE, Hermann KG, et al. Knee osteoarthritis: efficacy of a new method of contrast-enhanced musculoskeletal ultrasonography in detection of synovitis in patients with knee osteoarthritis in comparison with magnetic resonance imaging. Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases. 2007 May 14;[Epub ahead of print]
  11. Jaeger KA, Imfeld S. The damaging effect of ultrasound – to the examiner. Ultraschall in der Medizin. 2006;27:131–133
  12. Backhaus M, Burmester GR, Gerber T, et al. Guidelines for musculoskeletal ultrasound in rheumatology. Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases. 2001;60:641–649
  13. Wakefield RJ, Balint PV, Szkudlarek M, et al. Musculoskeletal ultrasound including definitions for ultrasonographic pathology. The Journal of Rheumatology. 2005;32:2485–2487
  14. Garcia T, Hornof WJ, Insana MF. On the ultrasonic properties of tendon. Ultrasound in Medicine and Biology. 2003;29:1787–1797
  15. Schmidt WA, Schmidt H, Schicke B, Gromnica-Ihle E. Standard reference values for musculoskeletal ultrasonography. Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases. 2004;63:988–994
  16. Backhaus M, Kamradt T, Sandrock D, et al. Arthritis of the finger joints: a comprehensive approach comparing conventional radiography, scintigraphy, ultrasound, and contrast-enhanced magnetic resonance imaging. Arthritis and Rheumatism. 1999;42:1232–1245
  17. Scheel AK, Hermann KG, Kahler E, et al. A novel ultrasonographic synovitis scoring system suitable for analyzing finger joint inflammation in rheumatoid arthritis. Arthritis and Rheumatism. 2005;52:681–686
  18. Szkudlarek M, Court-Payen M, Jacobsen S, et al. Interobserver agreement in ultrasonography of the finger and toe joints in rheumatoid arthritis. Arthritis and Rheumatism. 2003;48:955–962
  19. Backhaus M, Schmidt WA, Mellerowicz H, et al. Technique and diagnostic value of musculoskeletal ultrasonography in rheumatology. Part 6: ultrasonography of the wrist/hand. Zeitschrift für Rheumatologie. 2002;61:674–687
  20. Wakefield RJ, Gibbon WW, Conaghan PG, et al. The value of sonography in the detection of bone erosions in patients with rheumatoid arthritis. Arthritis and; Rheumatism. 2000;43:2762–2770
  21. Scheel AK, Hermann KG, Ohrndorf S, et al. Prospective long term follow-up imaging study comparing radiography, ultrasonography and magnetic resonance imaging in rheumatoid arthritis finger joints. Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases. 2006;65:595–600
  22. Szkudlarek M, Narvestad E, Court-Payen M, et al. Ultrasonography of the RA finger joints is more sensitive than conventional radiography for detection of erosions without loss of specificity, with MRI as a reference method. Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases. 2004;63:82–83
  23. Szkudlarek M, Narvestad E, Klarlund M, et al. Ultrasonography of the metatarsophalangeal joints in rheumatoid arthritis: comparison with magnetic resonance imaging, conventional radiography, and clinical examination. Arthritis and Rheumatism. 2004;50:2103–2112
  24. Keen HI, Wakefield RJ, Grainger AJ, et al. Can ultrasonography improve on radiographic assessment in osteoarthritis of the hands? A comparison between radiographic and ultrasonographic detected pathology. Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases. 2008;67:1116–1120
  25. Filippou G, Frediani B, Gallo A, et al. A ‘new’ technique for the diagnosis of chondrocalcinosis of the knee: sensitivity and specificity of high-frequency ultrasonography. Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases. 2007;66:1126–1128
  26. Thiele RG, Schlesinger N. Diagnosis of gout by ultrasound. Rheumatology. 2007;46:1116–1121
  27. Koski JM. Ultrasound guided injections in rheumatology. The Journal of Rheumatology. 2000;27:2131–2138
  28. Wernicke D, Hess H, Gromnica-Ihle E, et al. Ultrasonography of salivary glands – a highly specific imaging procedure for diagnosis of Sjögren's syndrome. The Journal of Rheumatology. 2008;35:285–293
  29. Schmidt WA, Wernicke D, Kiefer E, Gromnica-Ihle E. Colour duplex sonography of finger arteries in vasculitis and in systemic sclerosis. Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases. 2006;65:265–267
  30. Schmidt WA, Krause A, Schicke B, Wernicke D. Colour Doppler Ultrasonography of hand and finger arteries to differentiate primary from secondary forms of Raynaud's phenomenon. The Journal of Rheumatology. 2008;35:1591–1598
  31. Schmidt WA, Kraft HE, Vorpahl K, et al. Color duplex ultrasonography in the diagnosis of temporal arteritis. The New England Journal of Medicine. 1997;337:1336–1342
  32. Karassa FB, Matsagas MI, Schmidt WA, Ioannidis JP. Diagnostic performance of ultrasonography for giant-cell arteritis: a meta-analysis. Annals of Internal Medicine. 2005;142:359–369
  33. Schmidt WA, Seifert A, Gromnica-Ihle E, et al. Ultrasound of proximal upper extremity arteries to increase the diagnostic yield in large-vessel giant cell arteritis. Rheumatology. 2008;47:96–101
  34. Schmidt WA, Moll A, Seifert A, et al. Prognosis of large-ressel giant cell arteritis. Rheumatology. 2008;47:v1406–v1408
  35. Bezerra Lira-Filho E, Campos O, Lazaro Andrade J, et al. Thoracic aorta evaluation in patients with Takayasu's arteritis by transesophageal echocardiography. Journal of the American Society of Echocardiography. 2006;19:829–834

PII: S1521-6942(08)00109-5

doi: 10.1016/j.berh.2008.09.013

Best Practice & Research Clinical Rheumatology
Volume 22, Issue 6 , Pages 981-999 , December 2008

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