Cardiovascular co-morbidity in early rheumatoid arthritis

Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is associated with increased morbidity and mortality due to cardiovascular disease (CVD), mostly accelerated atherosclerotic CVD, and there is evidence that this occurs early in the inflammatory disease process. Both traditional and novel CVD risk factors as well as the effects of the RA disease process and its treatment interact and contribute to the development of CVD in RA. In this review we discuss the evidence for co-morbid CVD complicating early RA. This includes examining studies of mortality outcome and CVD events in cohorts of early RA patients as well as studies using surrogate markers for atherosclerotic CVD in RA. The evidence for shared risk factors for RA and CVD is presented. Screening and modification of CVD risk factors should be an integral part of care for any patient diagnosed with RA. Novel methods to diagnose CVD in high-risk asymptomatic RA patients need to be evaluated.

Keywords: rheumatoid arthritis, early rheumatoid arthritis, cardiovascular disease, co-morbidity, mortality