Best Practice & Research Clinical Rheumatology
Volume 23, Issue 3 , Pages 403-417 , June 2009

Vasculitis of the upper and lower airway

  • M. Martinez Del Pero, MRCS

      Affiliations

    • Department of ENT, Addenbrooke's Hospital, Cambridge, UK
  • ,
  • P. Sivasothy, MD

      Affiliations

    • Department of Respiratory Medicine, Addenbrooke's Hospital, Cambridge, UK
    • Corresponding Author InformationCorresponding author. Dr. P. Sivasothy, Department of Respiratory Medicine, Addenbrooke's Hospital, Cambridge, CB2 2QQ, UK. Tel.: +44 1223 245151x2646; Fax: +44 1223.

References 

  1. Watts Ra Sd. Epidemiology of the vasculitides. Semin Respir Crit Care Med. 2005;
  2. Lane Se, Watts Ra, Shepstone L, et al. Primary systemic vasculitis: clinical features and mortality. QJM. 2005;98:97–111
  3. Mahr Ad, Neogi T, Merkel Pa. Epidemiology of Wegener's granulomatosis: lessons from descriptive studies and analyses of genetic and environmental risk determinants. Clin Exp Rheumatol. 2006;24:S82–S91
  4. Ranes J, Stoller Jk. A review of alpha-1 antitrypsin deficiency. Semin Respir Crit Care Med. 2005;26:154–166
  5. Mcdonald Tj, Deremee Ra. Wegener's granulomatosis. Laryngoscope. 1983;93:220–231
  6. Rasmussen N. Management of the ear, nose, and throat manifestations of Wegener granulomatosis: an otorhinolaryngologist's perspective. Curr Opin Rheumatol. 2001;13:3–11
  7. Sproson E, Jones N, Al-Deiri M, et al. Lessons learnt in the management of Wegener's Granulomatosis: long-term follow-up of 60 patients. Rhinology. 2007;45:63–67
  8. Ahmad I, Lee Wc, Nagendran V, et al. Localised Wegener's granulomatosis in otolaryngology: a review of six cases. ORL J Otorhinolaryngol Relat Spec. 2000;62:149–155
  9. Burlacoff Sg, Wong Fs. Wegener's granulomatosis. The great masquerade: a clinical presentation and literature review. J Otolaryngol. 1993;22:94–105
  10. Bakthavachalam S, Driver Ms, Cox C, et al. Hearing loss in Wegener's granulomatosis. Otol Neurotol. 2004;25:833–837
  11. Illum P, Thorling K. Otological manifestations of Wegener's granulomatosis. Laryngoscope. 1982;92:801–804
  12. Seo P, Min Yi, Holbrook Jt, et al. Damage caused by Wegener's granulomatosis and its treatment: prospective data from the Wegener's Granulomatosis Etanercept Trial (WGET). Arthritis Rheum. 2005;52:2168–2178
  13. Stewart C, Cohen D, Bhattacharyya I, et al. Oral manifestations of Wegener's granulomatosis: a report of three cases and a literature review. J Am Dent Assoc. 2007;138:338–348quiz 396, 398
  14. Delplace D, Da Costa L, Goffin L, et al. Oral ulceration: an unusual manifestation of Churg-Strauss syndrome. J Eur Acad Dermatol Venereol. 2007;21:969–972
  15. Gottschlich S, Ambrosch P, Kramkowski D, et al. Head and neck manifestations of Wegener's granulomatosis. Rhinology. 2006;44:227–233
  16. Solans-Laque R, Bosch-Gil J, Canela M, et al. Clinical features and therapeutic management of subglottic stenosis in patients with Wegener's granulomatosis. Lupus. 2008;17:832–836
  17. Seo P. Wegener's granulomatosis: managing more than inflammation. Curr Opin Rheumatol. 2008;20:10–16
  18. Erickson Vr, Hwang Ph. Wegener's granulomatosis: current trends in diagnosis and management. Curr Opin Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg. 2007;15:170–176
  19. Frosch M, Foell D. Wegener granulomatosis in childhood and adolescence. Eur J Pediatr. 2004;163:425–434
  20. Belostostky Vm, Shah V, Dillon Mj. Clinical features in 17 paediatric patients with Wegener granulomatosis. Pediatr Nephrol. 2002;17:754–761
  21. Rottem M, Fauci As, Hallahan Cw, et al. Wegener granulomatosis in children and adolescents: clinical presentation and outcome. J Pediatr. 1993;122:26–31
  22. Akikusa Jd, Schneider R, Harvey Ea, et al. Clinical features and outcome of pediatric Wegener's granulomatosis. Arthritis Rheum. 2007;57:837–844
  23. Cuellar Ml, Espinoza Lr. Laboratory testing in the evaluation and diagnosis of vasculitis. Curr Rheumatol Rep. 2000;2:417–422
  24. Hellmich B, Flossmann O, Gross Wl, et al. EULAR recommendations for conducting clinical studies and/or clinical trials in systemic vasculitis: focus on anti-neutrophil cytoplasm antibody-associated vasculitis. Ann Rheum Dis. 2007;66:605–617
  25. Lurati-Ruiz F, Spertini F. Predictive value of antineutrophil cytoplasmic antibodies in small-vessel vasculitis. J Rheumatol. 2005;32:2167–2172
  26. Wiik A. Rational use of ANCA in the diagnosis of vasculitis. Rheumatology (Oxford). 2002;41:481–483
  27. Sinico Ra, Di Toma L, Maggiore U, et al. Prevalence and clinical significance of antineutrophil cytoplasmic antibodies in Churg-Strauss syndrome. Arthritis Rheum. 2005;52:2926–2935
  28. Guillevin L, Pagnoux C, Mouthon L. Churg-strauss syndrome. Semin Respir Crit Care Med. 2004;25:535–545
  29. Stegeman Ca, Tervaert Jw, Sluiter Wj, et al. Association of chronic nasal carriage of Staphylococcus aureus and higher relapse rates in Wegener granulomatosis. Ann Intern Med. 1994;120:12–17
  30. Murray A, Mcgarry Gw. The clinical value of septal perforation biopsy. Clin Otolaryngol Allied Sci. 2000;25:107–109
  31. Diamantopoulos Ii, Jones Ns. The investigation of nasal septal perforations and ulcers. J Laryngol Otol. 2001;115:541–544
  32. Prior Aj, Calderon Ma, Lavelle Rj, et al. Nasal biopsy: indications, techniques and complications. Respir Med. 1995;89:161–169
  33. Anderson G, Coles Et, Crane M, et al. Wegener's granuloma. A series of 265 British cases seen between 1975 and 1985. A report by a sub-committee of the British Thoracic Society Research Committee. Q J Med. 1992;83:427–438
  34. Jennings Cr, Jones Ns, Dugar J, et al. Wegener's granulomatosis–a review of diagnosis and treatment in 53 subjects. Rhinology. 1998;36:188–191
  35. Lohrmann C, Uhl M, Warnatz K, et al. Sinonasal computed tomography in patients with Wegener's granulomatosis. J Comput Assist Tomogr. 2006;30:122–125
  36. Allen Sd, Harvey Cj. Imaging of Wegener's granulomatosis. Br J Radiol. 2007;80:757–765
  37. Lloyd G, Lund Vj, Beale T, et al. Rhinologic changes in Wegener's granulomatosis. J Laryngol Otol. 2002;116:565–569
  38. Muhle C, Reinhold-Keller E, Richter C, et al. MRI of the nasal cavity, the paranasal sinuses and orbits in Wegener's granulomatosis. Eur Radiol. 1997;7:566–570
  39. Jayne D. How to induce remission in primary systemic vasculitis. Best Pract Res Clin Rheumatol. 2005;19:293–305
  40. De Groot K, Rasmussen N, Bacon Pa, et al. Randomized trial of cyclophosphamide versus methotrexate for induction of remission in early systemic antineutrophil cytoplasmic antibody-associated vasculitis. Arthritis Rheum. 2005;52:2461–2469
  41. Deremee Ra. The treatment of Wegener's granulomatosis with trimethoprim/sulfamethoxazole: illusion or vision?. Arthritis Rheum. 1988;31:1068–1074
  42. Stegeman Ca, Tervaert Jw, De Jong Pe, et al. Trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole (co-trimoxazole) for the prevention of relapses of Wegener's granulomatosis. Dutch Co-Trimoxazole Wegener Study Group. N Engl J Med. 1996;335:16–20
  43. Srouji Ia, Andrews P, Edwards C, et al. General and rhinosinusitis-related quality of life in patients with Wegener's granulomatosis. Laryngoscope. 2006;116:1621–1625
  44. Takagi D, Nakamaru Y, Maguchi S, et al. Otologic manifestations of Wegener's granulomatosis. Laryngoscope. 2002;112:1684–1690
  45. Nouraei Sa, Obholzer R, Ind Pw, et al. Results of endoscopic surgery and intralesional steroid therapy for airway compromise due to tracheobronchial Wegener's granulomatosis. Thorax. 2008;63:49–52
  46. Abou-Elhmd Ka, Hawthorne Mr, Flood Lm. Cochlear implantation in a case of Wegener's granulomatosis. J Laryngol Otol. 1996;110:958–961
  47. Congdon D, Sherris Da, Specks U, et al. Long-term follow-up of repair of external nasal deformities in patients with Wegener's granulomatosis. Laryngoscope. 2002;112:731–737
  48. Daum Te, Specks U, Colby Tv, et al. Tracheobronchial involvement in Wegener's granulomatosis. Am J Respir Crit Care Med. 1995;151:522–526
  49. Brown Kk. Pulmonary vasculitis. Proc Am Thorac Soc. 2006;3:48–57
  50. Cordier Jf, Valeyre D, Guillevin L, et al. Pulmonary Wegener's granulomatosis. A clinical and imaging study of 77 cases. Chest. 1990;97:906–912
  51. Hoffman Gs, Kerr Gs, Leavitt Ry, et al. Wegener granulomatosis: an analysis of 158 patients. Ann Intern Med. 1992;116:488–498
  52. Reinhold-Keller E, Beuge N, Latza U, et al. An interdisciplinary approach to the care of patients with Wegener's granulomatosis: long-term outcome in 155 patients. Arthritis Rheum. 2000;43:1021–1032
  53. Screaton Nj, Sivasothy P, Flower Cd, et al. Tracheal involvement in Wegener's granulomatosis: evaluation using spiral CT. Clin Radiol. 1998;53:809–815
  54. Reuter M, Schnabel A, Wesner F, et al. Pulmonary Wegener's granulomatosis: correlation between high-resolution CT findings and clinical scoring of disease activity. Chest. 1998;114:500–506
  55. Quint Le, Whyte Ri, Kazerooni Ea, et al. Stenosis of the central airways: evaluation by using helical CT with multiplanar reconstructions. Radiology. 1995;194:871–877
  56. Rosenberg Dm, Weinberger Se, Fulmer Jd, et al. Functional correlates of lung involvement in Wegener's granulomatosis. Use of pulmonary function tests in staging and follow-up. Am J Med. 1980;69:387–394
  57. Wells Au, Hirani N. Interstitial lung disease guideline: the British Thoracic Society in collaboration with the Thoracic Society of Australia and New Zealand and the Irish Thoracic Society. Thorax. 2008;63(Suppl. 5):v1–v58
  58. Gluth Mb, Shinners Pa, Kasperbauer Jl. Subglottic stenosis associated with Wegener's granulomatosis. Laryngoscope. 2003;113:1304–1307
  59. Langford Ca, Sneller Mc, Hallahan Cw, et al. Clinical features and therapeutic management of subglottic stenosis in patients with Wegener's granulomatosis. Arthritis Rheum. 1996;39:1754–1760
  60. Polychronopoulos Vs, Prakash Ub, Golbin Jm, et al. Airway involvement in Wegener's granulomatosis. Rheum Dis Clin North Am. 2007;33:755–775vi
  61. Lee Rw, D'cruz Dp. Novel Therapies for Anti-Neutrophil Cytoplasmic Antibody-Associated Vasculitis. Drugs. 2008;68:747–770
  62. Lebovics Rs, Hoffman Gs, Leavitt Ry, et al. The management of subglottic stenosis in patients with Wegener's granulomatosis. Laryngoscope. 1992;102:1341–1345
  63. Stappaerts I, Van Laer C, Deschepper K, et al. Endoscopic management of severe subglottic stenosis in Wegener's granulomatosis. Clin Rheumatol. 2000;19:315–317
  64. Roediger Fc, Orloff La, Courey Ms. Adult subglottic stenosis: management with laser incisions and mitomycin-C. Laryngoscope. 2008;118:1542–1546
  65. Utzig Mj, Warzelhan J, Wertzel H, et al. Role of thoracic surgery and interventional bronchoscopy in Wegener's granulomatosis. Ann Thorac Surg. 2002;74:1948–1952
  66. Smyth L, Gaskin G, Pusey Cd. Microscopic polyangiitis. Semin Respir Crit Care Med. 2004;25:523–533
  67. Savage Co, Winearls Cg, Evans Dj, et al. Microscopic polyarteritis: presentation, pathology and prognosis. Q J Med. 1985;56:467–483
  68. Hogan Sl, Nachman Ph, Wilkman As, et al. Prognostic markers in patients with antineutrophil cytoplasmic autoantibody-associated microscopic polyangiitis and glomerulonephritis. J Am Soc Nephrol. 1996;7:23–32
  69. Jayne Dr, Gaskin G, Rasmussen N, et al. Randomized trial of plasma exchange or high-dosage methylprednisolone as adjunctive therapy for severe renal vasculitis. J Am Soc Nephrol. 2007;18:2180–2188
  70. Guillevin L, Durand-Gasselin B, Cevallos R, et al. Microscopic polyangiitis: clinical and laboratory findings in eighty-five patients. Arthritis Rheum. 1999;42:421–430
  71. Brugiere O, Raffy O, Sleiman C, et al. Progressive obstructive lung disease associated with microscopic polyangiitis. Am J Respir Crit Care Med. 1997;155:739–742
  72. Lauque D, Cadranel J, Lazor R, et al. Microscopic polyangiitis with alveolar hemorrhage. A study of 29 cases and review of the literature. Groupe d'Etudes et de Recherche sur les Maladies “Orphelines” Pulmonaires (GERM“O”P). Medicine (Baltimore). 2000;79:222–233
  73. Bargagli E, Madioni C, Olivieri C, et al. Churg-Strauss vasculitis in a patient treated with omalizumab. J Asthma. 2008;45:115–116
  74. Noth I, Strek Me, Leff Ar. Churg-Strauss syndrome. Lancet. 2003;361:587–594
  75. Choi Yh, Im Jg, Han Bk, et al. Thoracic manifestation of Churg-Strauss syndrome: radiologic and clinical findings. Chest. 2000;117:117–124
  76. Wechsler Me, Pauwels R, Drazen Jm. Leukotriene modifiers and Churg-Strauss syndrome: adverse effect or response to corticosteroid withdrawal?. Drug Saf. 1999;21:241–251
  77. Lobel H, Machtey I, Eldror My. Pulmonary infiltrates with eosinophilia in an asthmatic patient treated with disodium cromoglycate. Lancet. 1972;2:1032
  78. Le Gall C, Pham S, Vignes S, et al. Inhaled corticosteroids and Churg-Strauss syndrome: a report of five cases. Eur Respir J. 2000;15:978–981
  79. Nathani N, Little Ma, Kunst H, et al. Churg Strauss Syndrome and Leukotriene antagonist use: a respiratory perspective. Thorax. 2008;
  80. Hauser T, Mahr A, Metzler C, et al. The leucotriene receptor antagonist montelukast and the risk of Churg-Strauss syndrome: a case-crossover study. Thorax. 2008;63:677–682
  81. Beasley R, Bibby S, Weatherall M. Leukotriene receptor antagonist therapy and Churg-Strauss syndrome: culprit or innocent bystander?. Thorax. 2008;63:847–849
  82. Guillevin L, Cohen P, Gayraud M, et al. Churg-Strauss syndrome. Clinical study and long-term follow-up of 96 patients. Medicine. 1999;78:26–37
  83. Koukoulaki M, Smith Kg, Jayne Dr. Rituximab in Churg-Strauss syndrome. Ann Rheum Dis. 2006;65:557–559

PII: S1521-6942(09)00024-2

doi: 10.1016/j.berh.2009.02.003

Best Practice & Research Clinical Rheumatology
Volume 23, Issue 3 , Pages 403-417 , June 2009